![]() 11 Patients were not excluded if they had already sought care from another provider, such as primary care practitioners, urologists, or gynecologists for LUTS. These persons were free of major neurologic diseases or injuries known to directly affect bladder function, as outlined in the LURN protocol for inclusion and exclusion. Briefly, men and women presenting to a physician at one of six LURN tertiary care centers were recruited between June 2015 and January 2017. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be wide variation in retained urine volume, with a substantial number having what is currently considered to be a clinically-significant elevated PVR and 2) absolute PVR volume would not correlate with self-reported storage and voiding symptoms.ĭata were obtained from the LURN Observational Cohort Study, which has been described previously. Given this knowledge gap, we assessed PVR and patient-reported urinary symptoms in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) and compared them with PVR distributions in other large cohorts with and without LUTS. 5– 10 There is no guideline or evidence stronger than expert panel consensus to establish the use of PVR as a clinical tool. 5 While this is still debated, current expert opinion defines urinary retention as an elevated PVR of >300mL, without differentiation among males and females. ![]() In the available literature, the definition of urinary retention has been pragmatically set as a PVR volume ranging from 100mL to 500mL. However, there is no standard for what constitutes an abnormal PVR, 3, 4 or at what volume residual urine may cause symptoms. 1, 2 Conventional wisdom states that elevated PVR may correlate with clinically-relevant issues, such as risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and the severity of LUTS, and may be an indication for clinical intervention. The initial evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) includes a history, physical exam, urinalysis, and post-void residual (PVR), measured by bladder scan or straight catheterization.
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